Author(s): Arjun Verma, Kebede GemeneDepartment(s): Chemistry and Biochemistry
Quantitative Detection of Potassium Ions in Blood Using Classical Potentiometry with Polycation-Selective Polymer Membrane Electrodes
Abstract: This research presents a novel method for precise total potassium quantification in blood using classical potentiometry with poly ion-selective electrodes. Conventional approaches struggle to differentiate between free and bound potassium ions, leading to inaccurate measurements. To address this, we developed poly ion-selective electrodes with a high-affinity potassium ionophore, ensuring selective and reliable detection.
Classical potentiometry measures potential differences in electrodes, allowing direct assessment of total potassium levels within blood samples. This is critical for diagnosing medical conditions, assessing cardiac health, detecting kidney disorders, managing hypertension, and guiding critical care interventions. Accurate potassium measurements are vital in avoiding life-threatening situations resulting from potassium level deviations.
This innovative method offers a rapid, cost-effective, and accurate tool for total potassium measurement, significantly enhancing patient care, treatment strategies, and overall health outcomes. With medical implications, this research advances diagnostic capabilities, facilitates timely interventions, and provides valuable insights for medical professionals in diverse healthcare settings.
Author(s): Cheyenne AbramsDepartment(s): Biological Sciences
Decapitation and inoculation of invasive Amur honeysuckle by honeysuckle leaf blight increases leaf infection and resprout death
Abstract: Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) is a shade-tolerant and highly resilient invasive shrub. However, the emergence of a native fungal pathogen, honeysuckle leaf blight (Insolibasidium deformans) may help control this plant. Mechanical control efforts alone in the past have been ineffective, but previous studies show that resprouts are particularly susceptible to the blight. We studied a combination of decapitation/resprouting, inoculation, and leaf blight infection as a potentially effective control effort. We decapitated 20 plants at an open site (Steffen property) and 20 plants at a forested site (NKU REFS). The original diameter was recorded before decapitation. Shoot number, shoot length, total leaves, and total blighted leaves were recorded and compared to data from the same sites collected in 2022. Both sites had higher infection rates in 2023. The decline in surviving resprouts from June to July was higher in 2023 at both sites. Decapitation and inoculation may reduce honeysuckle invasive impact.
Author(s): Gaurab Baral, Junxiu ZhouDepartment(s): Computing and Analytics
Movie Recommendation System
Abstract: This Movie Recommendation project aims to create a delightful movie-watching experience for users by providing personalized movie suggestions based on their preferences and movie attributes. The project focuses on building a prototype that extracts data from diverse movie databases. The system prepares the data for machine learning analysis using the Bag-of-Words, TF-IDF, and Hashing models by using preprocessing techniques,. It then utilizes Cosine and Jaccard similarity metrics to measure movie similarity. Through comparing all six combinations (bag-of-words + cosine, bag-of-words + Jaccard, TF-IDF + cosine, TF-IDF + Jaccard, hashing + cosine, hashing + Jaccard), the most effective approach is determined. This user-friendly tool significantly enhances the movie-watching experience, enabling users to explore personalized movie recommendations catering to their unique preferences.
Author(s): Le Minh SonDepartment(s): Computing and Analytics
Implementing a Deep Learning Model for Live Facial Emotion Recognition
Abstract: In a world where countless individuals silently grapple with depression, often overlooked in their workplaces and communities, the need for innovative and preventive mental health solutions has never been more critical. Responding to this urgent call, we initiated a project that leverages deep learning technology to identify facial expressions. Specifically, by utilizing Convolutional Neural Networks, we focus on detecting subtle emotional cues from real-time video data. This ambitious endeavor aims to create an AI tool capable of identifying early signs of emotional distress, potentially helping to preempt full-blown depression episodes. With our preliminary work, we hope to make a significant contribution to mental health care and prevention in the future.
Author(s): David Moody, James WaldenDepartment(s): Computing and Analytics
Using ChatGPT to Improve Software Security
Abstract: To help students learn more about secure web programming, NKU faculty developed a secure programming chatbot. Soon after the faculty published their paper, OpenAI released ChatGPT. ChatGPT has a deeper understanding of English and a wider scope of knowledge than the NKU chatbot, but ChatGPT sometimes provides incorrect or hallucinated answers. We plan to develop a secure programming chatbot based on ChatGPT, so that the bot will include ChatGPT's natural language capabilities but also operate within the context of secure programming and provide correct answers. We plan to do this by using the process of fine-tuning. This project will detail that process and how we hope to leverage its usefulness in the future.
Author(s): Ethan Art, Abby Jones, Joshua Osakwe, Justin Poettker, Shreetika Poudel, and Anna VroegindeweyDepartment(s): Mathematics and Statistics, Computing and Analytics
Grocery Shopping: The New Normal
Abstract: During the COVID-19 pandemic, businesses faced major disruptions and had to adapt to changes in both regulations and consumer behavior. The grocery industry was particularly affected by panic-buying, supply chain disruptions, and inflation. Post-pandemic, the grocery industry is almost certainly facing a changed landscape. We partnered with 84.51°, a data analytics company, to explore the new normal of grocery shopping behavior by analyzing a subset of The Kroger Company's transactional data over three regions from 2018, 2020, and 2022. A statistical analysis showed that while post-pandemic sales (in units sold) for a representative group of products have generally declined from pre-pandemic levels, Kroger's online business is growing. Given this growth and the fact that Kroger is currently investing heavily in e-commerce, we offer suggestions based on our analysis for attracting and retaining those households most likely to use e-commerce.
Author(s): Evan Fischer and Lindsey WaltersDepartment(s): Biological Sciences
Comparing provision rates of male Eastern Bluebirds and Tree Swallows
Abstract: In birds, biparental care is used because the male often needs to participate for the offspring to survive. Previous research suggests that male Tree Swallows participate more in biparental care than male Eastern Bluebirds. However, it has not been directly compared between the two species, as most studies just compare male and female in the same species. We conducted 358 different provisioning observations, watching for an hour and recording when a male or female visited with food. Overall, we found that male Eastern Bluebirds made a significantly higher proportion of visits to feed the offspring than male Tree Swallows, the opposite of what we predicted. These results suggest that the male Eastern Bluebird participate in raising the young more than male Tree swallows, but there could also be some underlying variables, such as prey size and climate, which should be addressed in future studies.
Author(s): Alexandra K. Mullins, Ashton J. Davey, Holly M. Funk, Michael P. GuyDepartment(s): Chemistry and Biochemistry, Computing and Analytics
Strategy for Identifying Trm7 Residues Important for Binding Trm732 and Trm734 Using Deep Sequencing
Abstract: Post-transcriptional tRNA modifications are required for efficient protein translation. In yeast, the Trm7 methyltransferase forms a complex with Trm732 to modify tRNA at position C32 and with Trm734 to modify G34. In humans, lack of FTSJ1, the human homolog of Trm7, causes intellectual disability. We have previously identified regions in Trm7 that are important for its function using a targeted mutagenesis strategy. However, we do not know which Trm7 residues are important for binding to Trm732 or Trm734. To identify Trm7 residues required for binding to Trm732 and Trm734 we have made a Trm7 variant library to be analyzed in strains lacking either Trm732 or Trm734. Trm7 variants in strains will be deep sequenced to determine variants defective for binding to Trm732 or Trm734. Trm7 variants that don't bind Trm734 will grow slowly in cells lacking Trm732 and those that don't bind Trm732 will grow slowly in cells lacking Trm734.
Author(s): Alisha Detmer, Holly Funk, Nick Korzenborn, Michael P. GuyDepartment(s): Chemistry and Biochemistry
Identifying Important Residues in Trm734 through Site-Directed and Random Mutagenesis
Abstract: In the anticodon loop of tRNAPhe, the modification of nucleotide G34 is fundamental for translation in yeast, humans, and other eukaryotes. The post-transcriptional modification of G34 is done by the Trm7-Trm734 complex. The Trm7 human homolog is FTSJ1, and the Trm734 homolog is WDR6. Intellectual disabilities can derive from mutations in FTSJ1. Patients with loss-of-function FTSJ1 mutations nearly completely lack Gm34. Although FTSJ1 has been studied, not a lot is known about WDR6. Trm734, the homolog of WDR6 for yeast, is required for the modification of G34; however, its role is not completely understood. We are using different methods to discover the function of Trm734: point mutation and random mutation. We generated a random library of Trm734 variants and worked to optimize methods to identify proteins with decreased functions. Identifying variants with loss of function will help us understand how Trm734 works.
Author(s): Ashton J. Davey, Holly M. Funk, and Michael P. GuyDepartment(s): Chemistry and Biochemistry, Computing and Analytics
Bioinformatics approach for the identification of a box C/D guide RNA responsible for the Nm39 modification of tRNA
Abstract: tRNA modifications play an important role in translation. The enzyme responsible for the 2'-O-methylation of tRNA position 39 is unknown and only occurs in multicellular eukaryotes. Prior studies in our lab have tested orphan methyltransferases but have not yet found the responsible enzyme. Alternatively, this modification could be carried out by a box C/D guide RNA. PLEXY, a bioinformatics script, was used to identify guide RNA targets. We tested three tRNAs known to receive the Nm39 modification in humans against known guide RNAs. Results show several potential guide RNAs which were then validated using an existing external dataset of known RNA-RNA hybrids. We will test the requirement for guide RNAs in cultured cells by knocking genes down using RNA interference. Then we will test for the presence or absence of 2'-O-methylation using partial base hydrolysis and primer extension. Additional tests will use other techniques such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
Author(s): Bianca Turner, Allison Turner, and Yingying XieDepartment(s): Biological Sciences
How does breeding phenology of wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) respond to climate change?
Abstract: Declined populations of amphibians, who are most sensitive to environmental disturbances, indicate significant impacts from human activities. However, we still know little about their responses to climate change across species range, hindering conservation efforts across populations. We investigated the impact of climate change on the breeding phenology (i.e., timing of life cycle events) of wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) across its geographic range. Audio records from biodiversity records were used for determination of the calling life stage, and images from iNaturalist and specimens were annotated to determine the life stages. Phenological sensitivities to climate from different life stages were estimated using statistical models across ecoregions. We found that L. sylvaticus advanced breeding phenology corresponding to warming in winter and spring, and their responses significantly varied across ecoregions. This project demonstrates the variation in amphibian phenological responses to climate and suggests that population-dependent conservation efforts with unique strategies should be considered.
Author(s): Allison Turner, Bianca Turner, and Yingying XieDepartment(s): Biological Sciences
How do invasive plants take advantage of timing to facilitate their invasion?
Abstract: Invasive species and climate change are among top drivers of global biodiversity loss. Invasive plant species have been documented reducing local biodiversity and straining ecosystem health. However, how invasive species time their life cycles to outcompete natives has not been well evaluated across species geographic ranges. This study tested two hypotheses: priority effects of using resources first or greater plasticity to climate variation. We investigated invasive shrubs (Lonicera morrowii and Rosa multiflora) and native shrubs (Gaylussacia baccata and Vaccinium angustifolium) using iNaturalist and herbarium specimen records. Timing of life cycle events (i.e., phenology) was extracted from images and compared across species. Phenological sensitivity to climate was estimated using statistical models across species and ecoregions. Results suggest that V. angustifolium flowered the earliest, while R. multiflora flowered the latest but had the highest sensitivity to warming in spring. These findings can contribute to novel conservation management development under climate change context.
Author(s): Kennedy James, Kalyn Koons, Kendra Baker, Jade Combs, Thu Nguyen, Marisol Reyes, Mitch Ward, Lili Ma
Department(s): Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biological Sciences
Synthesis of Heteroaryl Compounds as Aromatase Inhibitors
Abstract: Heteroaryl compounds were synthesized in order to obtain a product formed from a methyl ketone and an aryl halide. Synthesis involved adding the following reagents: Ketone, heteroaryl halide, pd catalyst, tBuOna, and degassed toluene to a vial in a glove box. Microwaving the vial started the reaction that was worked up to obtain the crude product. The crude product was purified using medium pressure chromatography (MPLC). The pure product was run through 1H and 13C NMR. A precent yield was collected the product was stored. After running three different reactions methyl ketone acetonaphthone and aryl halide bromoquinoline formed the target product. Methyl ketone benzodioxan-6yl and aryl halide bromoquinoline formed the target product as well. These successful reactions will run through mass spectrometry and potentially move to bioassay. Bioassay would determine the precent inhibition of the compound on aromatase. High precent inhibition across different concentrations of the compound would deem it adequate as a potential drug candidate.
Author(s): Kaitlyn Snyder and Dr. Joshua CooperDepartment(s): Biological Sciences
Revival of diatom usage in monitoring the health of northern Kentucky waterways
Abstract: Diatoms are a tool to understand waterway characteristics and observe water quality. As unicellular algae, diatoms are critical for freshwater ecosystems and are considered to be sentinel species. Since diatoms can react quickly to environmental changes, they are a commendable candidate for future observation. Though diatom observation for waterway purity has been used historically, the practice was phased out due to taxonomic drift. In this project, we aimed to introduce the use of voucher flora and time-presence counting methods in the analysis of waterway samples in addition to creating an index of biotic integrity on diatoms in northern Kentucky.
Author(s): Tuyet Do and Zeel MaheshwariDepartment(s): Physics, Geology, and Engineering Technology
Cost Optimization of Smart Integrated Renewable Energy System (SIRES) for remote rural areas
Abstract: Renewable energy sources are a promising solution to the problems of pollution and energy poverty in rural areas. This research uses a genetic algorithm (GA) to minimize the cost of renewable energy devices while ensuring that they meet the basic energy needs of people in rural areas. Costs considered in this approach include the initial cost, maintenance cost, and replacement cost over 25 years. GA is implemented using DEAP (Distributed Evolutionary Algorithms) in Python. Methodology involves creating a fitness function to find the minimum cost. The GA then proceeds through three main steps: selection, crossover, and mutation. Once the research is complete, the costs for each rural area will be easily calculated. This will help to determine how much funding is needed to help these communities transition to renewable energy.
Author(s): Anabel Lillie, Sam Seibert, Linh Le, Makayla Burks, Holly Funk, and Micheal P. GuyDepartment(s): Chemistry and Biochemistry
Determining the requirements of tRNA binding by Trm7, Trm732, and Trm734
Abstract: Trm7 plays a catalytic role in modification of nucleotides C32 and G34 in yeast tRNAPhe. Trm732 and Trm734 are predicted to bind and position tRNAPhe for methylation at these sites. Defects in Trm7 cause a sick phenotype in S.cerevisiae. Defects in the Trm7 human ortholog, FTSJI, cause intellectual disability. Two different methods utilizing bacteria or yeast are being performed to determine if Trm732 and Trm734 are required for tRNA binding. Plasmid expression in E. coli will allow us to purify our target proteins which are Trm7, Trm734, and Trm732. Through protein-tRNA binding assays, it will be determined whether Trm732 and Trm734 can bind to tRNAPhe. Previously identified Trm732 and Trm734 variants mutated at functionally important amino acid residues will be analyzed in a similar manner to define their affinity for tRNAPhe. Another approach is being performed in yeast to determine if tagged Trm734 or Trm732 alone bind to tRNAPhe.
Author(s): Joshua Johnson, Connor Rhodes, and Patrick M. HareDepartment(s): Chemistry and Biochemistry
Characterization of Photolysis and Hydrolysis Reactions of 6PPD
Abstract: 6PPD is an car tire additive which prevents degradation from atmospheric ozone. The quinone transformation product, 6PPDQ, has been linked to the poisoning of certain salmon species. Despite growing biological and toxicological information, information on the basic physical-chemical properties of 6PPD is not known. Computational chemistry was used in order to optimize geometries and calculate an approximate UV-Vis absorption spectrum of 6PPD and possible photoproducts. Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to characterize 6PPD and its water-reaction products. Photodegradation studies were performed on 6PPD in both acetonitrile and water, and LCMS and UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to determine the rate of photodegradation and suggest some possible photoproducts.
Author(s): Trevor Lee, Jason Grothaus, and Patrick M. HareDepartment(s): Chemistry and Biochemistry
Synthesis and Analysis of Lumiestrone
Abstract: Humans and animals can excrete hormone steroids like estrone from their bodies. These hormones then become environmental contaminants because estrone has been found to have adverse effects on aquatic environments. Because estrone reacts with UV light to form the epimer lumiestrone, the product has the potential to have similar adverse effects. In this experiment, lumiestrone was synthesized and purified in order to begin to study its photochemical and photophysical properties. A three-hour reflux reaction followed by recrystallization and column filtration resulted in a relatively pure sample of lumiestrone that could be studied. This sequence resulted in an average yield of 7.7%. Photophysical and photochemical properties like photodegradation rates, fluorescence lifetimes, the fluorescence quantum yield, and absorption spectra were measured.
Author(s): Saige Bradley, Gabe Wheatcroft, S. August Bozarth and Patrick M. HareDepartment(s): Chemistry and Biochemistry
Computational investigation of 4-aryl-1,2,3-triazoles that exhibit J-5 coupling
Abstract: J-coupling involves indirect interaction between atoms' nuclei. It is a relatively weak but noticeable interaction that affects through-bond interactions. This is relevant especially to NMR spectroscopy, where J-coupling can provide important information about bond distances, angles, and properties. A series of 4-aryl-1,2,3-triazoles synthesized by Dr. Robert Kempton and the Onorato research group exhibit the signs of J-5 coupling if the fluorine is in the ortho position of the ring, but not the meta or para positions. Computational chemistry was used to find the lowest energy structures of all the molecules and their barriers to rotation about the central bond in the J-5 coupling. The structures are all bent, while the triazole and the fluorine-containing ring are planar. H-F distances in the ortho compounds were all less than the van der Waals radii of the atoms, leading to efficient coupling.
Author(s): Jade Combs, Kalyn Koons, Kendra Baker, Kennedy James, Mitchell Ward, Marisol Reyes, and Lili MaDepartment(s): Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biological Sciences
Synthesis of Heteroarylated Methyl Ketones Synthesized to Act as Aromatse Inhibitors
Abstract: In this study, different reaction schemes were synthesized to form heteroarlyated methyl ketones to act as inhibitors to the aromatase enzyme. The products were worked up via an extraction and purified utilizing MPLC. The pure test tube sample were evaporated and then ran through an NMR for product determination. This resulted in three compounds successfully being synthesized. Yields were then taken for each compound and the product was stored for further testing
Author(s): amy Harouna, Nancy Le, and Dr. Allison ParkerDepartment(s): Chemistry and Biochemistry
Photophysical and photochemical studies of equilin
Abstract: The natural estrogen estrone has been found in many waterways and has proven both damaging to wildlife and difficult to remove. A better understanding of the photochemical pathways of this molecule can give insight into possible remediation strategies. Equilin is structurally similar to estrone, so its photophysics and photochemistry were studied to better understand estrone. Equilin's absorption and fluorescence spectra are largely the same as estrone's, but with a higher fluorescence quantum yield, lower 410 nm emission, and different lifetimes. Equilin's UV photodegradation rate was found to be slower than estrone's in all solvents. The most notable photoproducts identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry are similar to estrone's but with different relative yields. Structure-based conclusions about estrone and equilin, particularly the importance of the planarity of the molecule for photodegradation and emission at 410 nm, provide useful insight into photodegradation as a tool for removal of estrone from water.
Author(s): Teah Hagan, Jenna Dunham, Chloe Routt, Bree Sweeney, Maddie Buroker, Lauren L. Williamson, Ph.D. Department(s): Biological Sciences
Effects of Sex and Peripheral Inflammation on Learning and Neuroinflammation in Rats
Abstract: Male and female rats show differences in memory following treatments of saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in which males have memory impairments that females do not. LPS causes an inflammatory immune response in the brain, which can impair the rats' memory on the context object discrimination (COD) task. The rats were treated with either saline or LPS and 6 hours later were tested on COD. Brains collected from the rats following testing were either sectioned for immunohistochemistry or homogenized to extract RNA. This summer, we have assessed microglia, the immune cells within the brain, via immunohistochemistry staining with Iba1, a microglial marker. We have also examined gene expression within the hippocampus with quantitative PCR. We will present results showing the cellular and molecular changes caused by an inflammatory response that is dependent on sex.
Author(s): Shariqa Tayabee, Vu Tran, Mahdi YazdanpourDepartment(s): Physics, Geology, and Engineering Technology
Development of an Autonomous Omnidirectional Robot for Indoor Navigation
Abstract: The rapid advancements in robotics and artificial intelligence have paved the way for the development of autonomous systems with remarkable capabilities. In this research, we present the design, development, and implementation of an autonomous omnidirectional robot. The primary objective of this project is to create a versatile and agile robot capable of navigating complex environments efficiently and autonomously. The robot's design features a mechanical base equipped with four omnidirectional Mecanum wheels, four DC motors, a motor driver, a microcontroller-based control system, an AI vision sensor, an infrared module, and an ultrasonic sensor. The Mecanum drive system employs wheels with rollers obliquely attached to their circumference, positioned at 45° to the wheel plane and 45° to the axle line. This unique arrangement enables the robot to move effortlessly in multiple directions, including forward, backward, sideways, diagonally, and rotation. Moreover, the robot incorporates a fully automated autonomous driving system capable of environment sensing, obstacle detection, and independent operation without human intervention.
Author(s): Colton Gregory, Luke Clay, Dr. Joseph Nolan, and Dr. David AgardDepartment(s): Mathematics and Statistics
Relevance In Baseball: Predicting Fantasy Applicable Careers
Abstract: One of America's greatest inventions is the game of Baseball. Not only does the sport bring people joy, it adds to the economy and creates many jobs. It also gives Stats geeks like us something to watch and analyze on a whole different level. Part of this is fantasy baseball, where individuals can draft players in a 'fantasy' league. We go to work trying to find the best way to predict minor league players' future productivity, looking for which players have the 'it' factor. In this project, we looked at ways to do that using CART classification trees. These regression-based models helped us identify which baseball statistics are most predicative of MLB success for players drafted from college teams.
Author(s): Blake Biddle, Emily Forbes, Ethan Waddle, and Dr. Allison ParkerDepartment(s): Biological Sciences, Chemistry and Biochemistry
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Tire Traps for Mosquito Control
Abstract: Better control of mosquito populations is vital to the health and safety of humans. The goal of this experiment was to determine if traps made out of used tires can be used for mosquito control. Traps were created by chopping tires in half. One trap tire and normal, intact tires were inspected weekly at five sites in Boone County, KY. Mosquito pupae and larvae were removed from the tires each week. As of July 2023, our results show 5805 mosquitoes were collected from the trap tires, 3891 were collected from natural tires, and ten species were collected in total, revealing our trap tires are effective at encouraging mosquito egg laying. The effectiveness of these traps suggests we can use them to lure mosquitos to help control their population. This could greatly reduce the transmission of diseases that make mosquitoes one of the most dangerous animals in the world.
Author(s): Abilene Morgan, Kalkidan Alemu, and Dr. Allison ParkerDepartment(s): Biological Sciences
Effect of the Insecticide Fipronil on Culex Female Mosquito Oviposition Choice
Abstract: Culex mosquitoes are the primary vectors of diseases that affect humans and other animals. The goal of this study was to determine if the insecticide Fipronil has an effect on the oviposition (egg-laying) choice of female Culex mosquitoes. One field assay (5 3-bucket groups) contained a control (no Fipronil), a 50 mL dose, and a 25 mL dose. This assay tested the amount of pesticide with a one time application. The second set of buckets contained the 50 mL dose of Fipronil with a one time application, a bi-weekly application, and a control treatment. Egg rafts were collected daily for ten weeks. Results show that female mosquitoes prefer the higher dose and the bi-weekly doses as of August 1st, 2023 suggesting that Fipronil can be used in mosquito control. Future studies will determine the precise dosage of insecticide required for eliminating the diseases that Culex mosquitoes transmit as vectors.
Author(s): Amy Harouna, Nancy Le, and Dr. Allison ParkerDepartment(s): Biological Sciences
Tick Species Distribution within the Northern Kentucky Region
Abstract: Ticks are one of many known vectors of diseases that can infect humans and other animals. This study aims to examine the distribution and seasonality of tick species within the Northern Kentucky region. Starting in June 2022, ticks were regularly collected across an anthropogenic, land-use gradient at ten sites. A drag cloth was pulled over each 500-meter transect and was checked every 10 meters for ticks. All ticks were collected and identified to species in the laboratory. One hundred nine American dog ticks (Dermacentor variabilis), 91 black-legged ticks (Ixodes scapularis), and 2 Lone Star ticks (Amblyomma americanum), have been collected for a total of 202 ticks. Sampling is continuing through August 2024. Understanding tick species distribution and seasonality in the region allows for effective control strategies to reduce ticks and tick-borne diseases.
Author(s): Raja Reed, Lauren Wessel and Emily Shifley Department(s): Biological Sciences
The FGF genetic signaling pathway is required for embryonic development of the pharynx
Abstract: The pharynx is a region in the vertebrate embryo that forms the thymus, parathyroid glands and craniofacial cartilage. The FGF pathway is a set of proteins that cells in the pharynx use to contact each other. We hypothesize that the FGF pathway is important during specific times in pharyngeal development. To test this, we inhibited the FGF pathway during different developmental periods. Overall, we found longer periods of FGF-inhibition showed missing or reduced gene expression in the pharynx. Determining the genetic signals that are important for the development of the pharynx will help researchers understand why certain birth defects occur.
Author(s): Jayln Kiser and Lindsey WaltersDepartment(s): Biological Sciences
Thinking Inside the Box: Comparing Parental Attention between Male and Female Tree Swallows via Time Spent in their Nest Box
Abstract: Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) exhibit biparental care to their nestlings. This study investigated which Tree Swallow sex would spend more time and attention inside their nest box. Female Tree Swallows tend to be more involved in parental care, whereas male Tree Swallows are more inclined to exhibit aggression and protection because of their higher testosterone levels. Because of this, we predicted that the females would make more visits to the nest box lasting longer than 1 minute. We collected data by recording the minute when male and female Tree Swallow parents entered and exited the nest box during one hour. Our results indicated that females do make significantly more longer visits to their nest boxes than males. Our findings support the idea that female Tree Swallows provide more parental care, although future studies should investigate how nest box location and aggression influence this behavior.
Author(s): Kendra Baker, Kalyn Koons, Thu Nguyen, and Lili MaDepartment(s): Chemistry and Biochemistry
Methyl Ketone Heteroarylation Synthesis and Aromatase Inhibition Assay
Abstract: In this study, compounds I61-H37, I60-G67, and I74-G18 were synthesized using a microwave-assisted reaction and a palladium catalyst. Once successfully synthesized, compounds were purified using medium-pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC). Among these three compounds I74-G18 provided the best yield of 49.3%. Aromatase inhibition assay was also performed on seven compounds to determine the inhibition on aromatase. I63-H40 had the greatest percent inhibition of 73.8% at a concentration of 10 µM.
Author(s): Dr. Rasib Khan, Nishar Miya, Sajan PoudelDepartment(s): Computing and Analytics
Secure Hierarchical Edge Service Framework for IoT Devices
Abstract: This research explores the creation of a hierarchical secure IoT-based edge service framework with advanced features such as an Intrusion Detection System and provenance data storage using blockchain technology. The proposed system adopts EdgeX Foundry, an open-source platform for IoT device management. Multiple IoT devices are connected to an EdgeX Server, which receives data from the nodes within the cluster. An EdgeMonitor serves as the central device for overall system operations. The proposed framework incorporates Snort, a threat detection model, within the EdgeX Server to identify suspicious activities within the edge network. Any malicious activity within an edge cluster is detected locally and the system promptly alerts the other clusters and responds accordingly. Additionally, the framework uses blockchain for secure provenance data storage. The findings demonstrate that EdgeX Foundry, along with blockchain integration, offers a highly optimized and secure IoT services with robust intrusion detection and efficient data storage capabilities.
Author(s): Thu Le, Dr. Wei HaoDepartment(s): Computing and Analytics
Enhancing Cloud Performance with Edge Computing
Abstract: Cloud computing has transformed our lifestyles, providing various advantages like instant resource allocation, scalability, and cost-effectiveness. Nevertheless, the escalating need for high-performance cloud services presents a notable obstacle. In this context, edge computing has emerged as a promising remedy to tackle the performance challenges encountered in cloud computing. Edge computing expands the potential of cloud environments by placing IT resources closer to end-users, thereby diminishing latency and improving overall system effectiveness.
This research evaluates the website performance hosted on AWS S3 and CloudFront using the Pingdom tools. We analyze critical metrics such as response times and loading speeds to optimize content delivery for enhanced user experience. The study aims to assess the impact of these services on responsiveness and user experience, providing valuable insights for optimizing website performance in cloud-based environments.
Author(s): Matthew Maines, Olivia Neal, Kebede Gemene Department(s): Chemistry and Biochemistry
Determination of Anion Gap using Pulsed Chronopotentiometry
Abstract: The anion gap (AG) is used for the diagnosis of diseases resulted from acid-base disorders, referred to as metabolic acidosis/alkalosis. It is defined as the difference in concentration between total measured cations and total measured anions expressed in millimolar (mM). AG is calculated by using results of tests that measure major cations and anions in serum separately.
AG = ([Na+] + [K+]) + ([Cl-] + [HCO3-]).
While this most likely results in the most accurate measurements with electrodes that are selective to the ions, K+, Na+ and Cl-, this creates a scenario in which four different measurements are needed for the calculation. In addition, there is no selective ionophore for HCO3-, and it is indirectly measured as total dissolved CO2 in plasma (pCO2), which is prone to measurement errors. We present here a method where total cations and total anions are measured simultaneously in a single measurement using pulsed chronopotentiometry.
Author(s): Mitchell Ward, Thu Nguyen, Jade Combs, Marisol Reyes, Kennedy James, Kendra Baker, Kalyn Koons, Alicia Flores, Victoria Flores, and Lili MaDepartment(s): Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biological Sciences
Synthesis of Novel Aromatase-Inhibiting Candidates via Green Methodological Methyl-Ketone Heteroarylation
Abstract: The present study involved synthesis of candidate molecules for Aromatase inhibition via heteroarylation of methyl-ketone platforms. Four target molecules (ketone-heteroaryl) were selected for synthesis: I62-H40, I63-G18, I71-G18, I71-H37. Synthesis of target molecules was performed utilizing a green chemistry methodology including a palladium-catalyzed, microwave-assisted route at microscale. Of target molecules, I63-G18 and I62-H40 were successfully synthesized. Product presence and structure were confirmed through 1H NMR (500Mhz) analysis. Resultant yields were ascertained, and further computerized analysis of Aromatase inhibition efficacy and drug-like capacities was performed
Author(s): Trey Zinsmeister, Dr. Allison ParkerDepartment(s): Biological sciences
Feeding Preference of Adult Monarch Butterflies on Native Kentucky Wildflowers
Abstract: Monarch butterflies are an endangered nectar feeding butterfly that migrates to Kentucky during the summer remaining from of June through August. Many factors have contributed to the decline of Monarchs such as habitat loss and pesticide use which have also effected many of our native wildflowers. A choice experiment with butterfly milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa), tall garden phlox (Phlox paniculata), and blanket flower (Gaillardia aristate) was preformed in greenhouses to establish if Monarchs have a feeding preference on Kentucky wildflowers by monitoring which flowers the Monarchs prefer to feed on. The results of this project will be used to inform gardeners on which native plants should be planted in their gardens to attract Monarchs and other pollinators. This will support the native plants and other pollinators and birds.
Author(s): Olivia Onodu, Dongyu Fan, Christy Landes, and Charlisa DanielsDepartment(s): Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biological Sciences
Engineering of Stimuli-Responsive Polymers with Varying Monomer Ratios as Foundational Materials for Wastewater Filtration
Abstract: Clean water is becoming scarce.1 Reusing and remediating water from industry is a priority, along with the reuse of industrial waste.2 These studies have focused on finding ways to more effectively tune these materials to obtain higher selective removal efficiencies and resource recovery with relatively lower selectivity against competing contaminants through experimentation with various monomer ratios on the fabrication of membrane materials.3-4 In this research, polymer brushes functionalized with charge-specific groups were also fabricated. To understand molecular transport in polyelectrolyte brushes (PEBs) [utilizing positively-charged poly(2-(N, N-dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate) (PDMAEA) brush], the extremes of pH 3 and pH 10 solutions and negatively-charged Alexa Fluor 546 dyes were inserted into the brush. Using 3D tracking algorithms, spatial heterogeneity, and displacements were revealed by the swelling or deflating of the brushes when the transport processes were tested. Future work includes casting polymer monoliths in capillaries. Due to the steric and electronic forces interacting between the liquid-solid interface, which will allow the separation of target contaminants from the mobile phase, capillary electrophoresis can be used to quantify heterogeneity of transport through the polymer architectures.
Author(s): Natalie Creech, Ruofei Ding, Holly M. Funk, Emma Nasipova, and Michael P. Guy Department(s): Chemistry and Biochemistry
Determining the role of the tRNA methyltransferase Trm7:Trm734 in repression of TY1 elements in yeast
Abstract: Post-transcriptional tRNA modifications are vital for efficient protein translation. In yeast, the Trm7 methyltransferase, in conjunction with Trm734, modifies tRNA at position 34. Defects in human TRM7 are linked to cognitive impairment. Retrotransposons in yeast, termed TY1, replicate through RNA reverse transcription and disrupt genes upon reintegration. Prior research identified TRM7 and TRM734 as suppressing TY1 transposition, though the mechanism remains uncertain. Our hypothesis posits that TRM7 or TRM734 loss heightens TY1 transposition due to impaired translation of genes that limit TY1 mobility. Codon analysis highlighted five TY1-suppressing genes enriched in Phe codons, which is relevant because tRNAPhe is the crucial substrate of the Trm7:Trm734 methyltransferase complex. We are conducting genetic tests and also comparing TY1-associated gene expression in trm7 or trm734 mutants, anticipating reduced levels of Phe-rich TY1-associated proteins in mutants, confirming their role in translating Phe-containing genes.
Author(s): Emma Baisden, Dr. Kristy Hopfensperger, Dr. Denice RobertsonDepartment(s): Biological Sciences
The Effect of Environmental Characteristics on Different Seed Mix Treatments Within Pollinator Habitats in the Northern Kentucky and Southern Ohio Region
Abstract: This study is a part of a larger study investigating the use of different seed mixes to restore prairie habitat, particularly milkweed. We explored how the environmental characteristics affected pollinator habitat sites that were treated with different seed mixes within the Northern Kentucky and Southern Ohio region. For the study, site surveys of the surrounding area were taken at each of the pollinator habitat sites to get the environmental variables. Previous research had been gathered at each site for the seed mix treatments. The results of the study currently suggest that the sites do not vary in terms of site characteristics. We are conducting further analyses to confirm these initial findings. The research conducted will help aid in future research and restoration of pollinator habitats across the United States.
Author(s): Zach Case, Warunya Panmanee, and Erin StromeDepartment(s): Biological Sciences
Measuring the Effects of SAM1 and SAM2 Deletion on Loss of Heterozygosity in Yeast
Abstract: S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) is a substrate in cellular metabolism used as a donor of methyl groups. In humans, alterations in the expression of SAM synthesis genes, both upregulation and downregulation, have been associated with cancer. The relationship between SAM and cancer development may be a potential opportunity for the development of new cancer treatments. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is an event resulting in the loss of at least one gene from a copy of a chromosome. To understand how SAM synthesis genes contribute to genome instability and cancer development, we measure the rates of different types of LOH in yeast cells with the SAM synthesis genes SAM1 and SAM2 deleted.
Author(s): Seyed Allameh, Sierra Simon, Roger MillerDepartment(s): Physics, Geology, and Engineering Technology, Computing and Analytics
On the Strength and Reliability of 3D printed Rebar
Abstract: The current practice of 3D printing homes using layered concrete excludes steel rebar and as such it may not be extended to bridges, office buildings and high rises. Co-deposition of molten metal and concrete allows 3D printing of reinforced concrete. However, the duty cycle of MIG welding machines used to 3D weld rebar, poses a serious challenge to the strength and integrity of rebar. Each time that the welder stops due to duty cycle or electric disconnect, an oxide layer forms. This layer, upon the restart of the welding process creates a weak spot that negatively affects the strength of rebar. This study investigates the effect of this weak spot by fabricating 3D printed rebar with and without weak spots and test them using an Instron load frame. The implications of cleaning the oxide layer before the restart of 3D printing rebar on fabricating reinforced concrete are discussed.
Author(s): Taylor Easybuck, Jade Perry, Mackenzie Feltner, Mickayla Kowalski, Duong Pham, Sofia Ramirez and Christine Perdan CurranDepartment(s): Biological Sciences, Computing and Analytics
Using the Morris Water Maze to test learning and memory in mice exposed to benzo[a]pyrene
Abstract: Benzo[a]pyrene is a common pollutant linked to several health problems in humans, including cancer and neurological deficits in children exposed during early brain development. Sources include air pollution from forest fires and fossil fuel burning or ingestion of grilled foods. Our experiment looked at genetic differences in mice to see if benzo[a]pyrene affects them differently. Pregnant mice were treated from gestational day 10 through weaning when the offspring were 25 days old. We tested the mice as young adults in the Morris Water Maze to measure their learning and memory and compared them with control mice.
Author(s): John Thomas, Mickayla Kowalski, Mackenzie Feltner and Christine Perdan CurranDepartment(s): Biological Sciences
The effects of developmental benzo[a]pyrene exposure on heart rate and blood pressure in adult mice
Abstract: Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) with widespread human exposures. BaP is present in vehicle exhaust, smoke from wood fires, tobacco, fossil fuel burning and in foods cooked at high temperatures. BaP is a known carcinogen and also linked to birth defects and neurological disorders in animal and human studies. In this study, we were interested in the heart health of mice exposed to BaP during gestation and lactation, because PAHs have been linked to congenital heart defects. We used the CODA Noninvasive Blood Pressure System to measure heart rate and blood pressure weekly and recorded animal weights.
Author(s): Roland LongDepartment(s): Mathematics and Statistics
A. A. Albert on Almost Commutativity and Generators of the Alternating and Symmetric Groups
Abstract: In the 1950's and 1960's, University of Chicago algebraist Abraham Adrian Albert (1905-1972) participated in various mathematical research projects for the National Security Agency (NSA). Recently the reports that Albert wrote describing those projects have been declassified. This project is part of our larger effort to explore the more than 50 reports that Albert submitted under contract with the NSA. A collection of these reports detail Albert's group theoretic contributions towards Project Voodoo, a system for Identification Friend or Foe (IFF). In the final Voodoo project reports, Albert discusses two topics surrounding the construction of an encryption system: generators of the alternating and symmetric groups, and almost commutativity. While the former sees previously known results extended to Albert's common constructions, the latter lays the framework for exploration of a novel topic that has seen increased modern interest due to connections to quantum mechanics.
Author(s): John Thomas
Co-authors: Mickayla Kowalski, Mackenzie FeltnerDepartment(s): Biological Sciences
The effect of developmental benzo[a]pyrene exposure on heart rate and blood pressure in adult mice
Abstract: Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) with widespread human exposure. BaP is present in vehicle exhaust, smoke from wood fires, tobacco, fossil fuel burning, and in foods cooked at high temperatures. BaP is a known carcinogen and is also linked to birth defects and neurological disorders in animal and human studies. In this study, we were interested in the heart health of mice exposed to BaP during gestation and lactation, because PAHs have been linked to congenital heart defects. We used the CODA Noninvasive Blood Pressure System to measure heart rate and blood pressure weekly and recorded animal weights.
Author(s): Adrienne Hafley, Khuyen Ho, and Joshua ShockeyDepartment(s): Chemistry and Biochemistry
Synthesis of Amino Acid Oxacalixarenes
Abstract: Calixarenes are cyclic macromolecules made up of aromatic rings connected by methylene bridges. Within the calixarene is a cavity which can hold and transport other molecules. This research reviews the attempts to synthesize a calixarene that integrates an amino acid. The presence of acid substituents as part of a calixarene could allow for recognition of biological molecules. The goal of this research is to prepare an oxacalixarene, where the aromatic rings are connected by oxygen rather than a methylene bridge, that incorporates the chiral neurotransmitter 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine (L-DOPA). Oxacalixarene synthesis was unsuccessful when L-DOPA was protected as its N-Boc derivative. This may be due to the oxidation of L-DOPA to produce an insoluble melanin-like polymer. This poster will discuss our efforts to circumvent this problem, including the synthesis of the oxacalixarene in an inert atmosphere and preparing the N-acetyl DOPA derivative.
Author(s): Ciara Mason, Charlisa DanielsDepartment(s): Chemistry and Biochemistry
Determining Characteristics of Various Acrylate Polymers via Microscopy and Spectroscopy
Abstract: Capillary electrochromatography can be utilized to assess the characteristics of polymer architectures and determine the behavior of small molecules within them. This research with Porous Polymer Monoliths (PPMs) was continued to compare characteristics of fabricated acrylate polymers. The current study was done to confirm prior results. Dimethyl-aminoethy methacrylate (DMAEMA)/Styrene and glyceryl methacrylate (GMA)/ethylene dioxy-N-methylamphetamine (EDMA) polymers were cast in bulk using differing pyrogens such as propanol, hexane, octane, and dodecanol. basic and mono basic sodium phosphate (NaH2PO4) buffer was used to polymerize the acrylate monomer. Various formulations of the DMAEMA/Styrene polymer were cast in capillaries and examined through a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to analyze the features of the resultant polymer (pores, nodules, etc.). These polymers were exposed to various concentrations of acid ad base to determine the resiliency of the polymer to a broad pH scale. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer was utilized to assess changes to the pH-stimuli-responsive polymer. Over a seven hour time span, data was collected and analyzed. UV-Vis and SEM findings were consistent with prior results whereas there were some differences in appearance and consistency of the resulting acrylate polymers.
Author(s): Vy Ngo*, Zach Case, Warunya Panmanee Ph.D, and Erin D. Strome Ph.DDepartment(s): Biological Sciences
Loss of Heterozygosity (LOH) and the Methyl Cycle in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Abstract: The absence of the SAM1 and SAM2 genes, which encoded for AdoMet synthetase enzymes in the methyl cycle, have been found to alter chromosome stability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We discovered that the loss of SAM1 increasing genome stability while the loss of SAM2 decreasing it. To further understand how these gene mutations impact chromosome stability, we study the relationship between the methyl cycle and the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) event. LOH is a type of chromosome instability, which is a common feature found in cancer cells. Our mutant strains experienced genome instability, leading to the loss or gain of a specific chromosomal region, therefore, we hypothesize that our mutants' genome instability levels are in direct proportion to the rate of the LOH event. The more instability the genome is, the more frequent the LOH event occur.
Author(s): Matthew Setters, Kailee Kenwright, Amila Coric, Erin D. StromeDepartment(s): Biological Sciences
Investigating the Impact of Respiration Uncouplers and Ionophores on Genome Stability in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
Abstract: The genes SAM1 and SAM2 encode for an enzyme AdoMet (S-adenosylmethionine) synthetase, responsible for making AdoMet in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AdoMet is the main methyl donor in all cells. Previous research has shown loss of SAM1 or SAM2 affects genome stability. To characterize other cellular changes due to a loss of these genes, Phenotypic Microarray and RNA-sequencing experiments were conducted. Investigation of these data sets and literature searches point toward a possibility that deletion of SAM2 allows cells to grow better in sodium azide and other respiration uncouplers and ionophores, compared to wildtype. Respiration uncouplers affect various genes/proteins in the cell respiration cycle, while ionophores transport ions across the membrane. This project investigated the effects of sodium azide and compared other uncouplers and ionophores in SAM2 knockouts, sought to define genes associated with these pathways, and determine if there was altered gene expression that might explain the growth differences observed.
Author(s): Men Tran*, Warunya Panmanee, Erin D. StromeDepartment(s): Biological Sciences
Mutations of S-AdenosylMethionine Synthetase Genes, SAM1 and SAM2, Leads to Alterations in ATP Levels and DeoxyNucleotides TriPhosphate (dNTP) pool size in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Abstract:
Loss of S-AdenosylMethionine (AdoMet) synthetase genes, SAM1 and SAM2, have been found to alter genome stability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Despite being paralogous synthetases, which encode an important enzyme involved in the methyl cycle, their removal has been found to alter the amount of AdoMet in opposite ways as well as change genome stability in inverse manners. Together with methionine, ATP is the main component of AdoMet and is known to influence deoxyNucleotides TriPhosphate (dNTP) pool size through dATP/ATP ratio. Results show ATP levels decreased significantly in both mutant strains compared to wildtype. However, the dNTP (dATP, dTTP, dCTP and dGTP) levels are higher in SAM1 but not SAM2 mutants. Applying synchronization and releasing techniques showed to improve cellular dNTP level detection results. This enables us to tie back to the ATP/dATP ratio as well as our understanding of AdoMet synthesis alterations that could bring about the observed genome instability changes.
Author(s): Abhishek K. Singh, Dr. Warunya Panmanee, and Dr. Erin StromeDepartment(s): Biological Sciences
Impact of SAM1 and SAM2 Gene Deletion on ATP Concentration in Synchronized Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cells.
Abstract: The SAM1 and SAM2 genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are involved in the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) using ATP. This project analyzed the ATP concentrations in synchronized wildtype, sam1Δ/sam1Δ, and sam2Δ/sam2Δ strains of S. cerevisiae. The objective was to find out if the deletion of the SAM1 or SAM2 gene affects the ATP concentration in S. cerevisiae, controlling for cell cycle phase. We used nocodazole to arrest cells in G2 phase, then cells were released from the arrest and allowed to grow till they reached G1 phase. Multiple ATP assays were performed on these G1 cells to measure ATP concentration in each cell type. Results suggest that the deletion of the SAM1 gene and the SAM2 gene does not significantly affect the concentration of ATP produced. Further, the concentration of ATP produced by sam1Δ/sam1Δ cells and sam2Δ/sam2Δ cells were not significantly different.
Author(s): Kristen McDaniel and Zoe RoblesDepartment(s): Biological Sciences
Correlations of Independent Environmental Conditions for Ephemerals
Abstract: Ephemerals are perennial plants that emerge in the spring when conditions are most optimal and then lie dormant for the remainder of the year. They are an important source of pollen and nectar for pollinators at the beginning of the spring. As part of an ongoing ephemeral research project, we measured soil moisture, light, canopy cover, and invasive species cover across 30 plots located at GreenAcres and the Cincinnati Nature Center. Initial statistical tests suggest no significant difference in measured variables among the 30 patches, further tests are needed to confirm. We will use correlation of measured independent variables to examine their impact on the presence of ephemerals within the plots. In the future, we will continue to study how to restore ephemerals so that they may continue to play a vital role within our local ecosystems.
Author(s): Le Minh SonDepartment(s): Computing and Analytics
Implementing a Deep Learning Model for Live Facial Emotion Recognition
Abstract: In a world where countless individuals silently grapple with depression, often overlooked in their workplaces and communities, the need for innovative, preventive mental health solutions has never been more critical. Responding to this urgent call and our dedication to improving mental health support through technology, we initiated a project to develop a deep learning tool. Utilizing Convolutional and Recurrent Neural Networks, we focus on detecting subtle emotional cues from real-time video data. This ambitious endeavor aims to create an AI tool capable of identifying early signs of emotional distress, potentially helping to preempt full-blown depression episodes. By blending artificial intelligence and psychology, we hope to make a significant contribution to mental health care and prevention.
Author(s): Allie Jackson, Yangyang TaoDepartment(s): Computing and Analytics
Heuristic Search Algorithm in Games
Abstract: Heuristic search is a core area of Artificial Intelligence (AI) research and its algorithms have been widely used in planning, game-playing, and agent control. In this project, we are interested in real-time heuristic search algorithms that can resolve an 8 puzzle game. We want to first implement the heuristic search algorithm in the game. Then test the performance of the algorithm and then analyze the results.
Author(s): Makhayla Icard, Nicholas CaporussoDepartment(s): Computing and Analytics
Invisible Artists: Exploring the Future of Creativity and Art through AI-Generated Images Inspired by Italo Calvino's "Invisible Cities
Abstract: The rise of AI-generated artwork has raised many questions when discussing what is considered art and its future in creative spaces. In this project, we worked to discover ways in which human creativity can be augmented using Artificial Intelligence and discussed the extent and impact of the relationship between technology and art. Specifically, drawing inspiration from the book "Invisible Cities" by Italo Calvino, we created unique prompts that enabled us to represent the cities and concepts described in the book using an image-generation AI system (i.e., MidJourney). Beyond generating artistic representation of the content of the book, the project gave us the opportunity to delve into what is classified as art and discuss the value of AI-generated pieces. Through the combination of literature, technology, and art, the image gallery resulting from this project demonstrates the potential of AI generators.
Author(s): Allie Jackson, Yangyang TaoDepartment(s): Computing and Analytics
8-Puzzle Game Solver Using AI
Abstract: Heuristic search is a core area of Artificial Intelligence (AI) research and its algorithms have been widely used in planning, game-playing and agent control. In this project, we are interested in real-time heuristic search algorithms that can resolve a 8 puzzle game. We want to first implement the heuristic search algorithm in the game. Then test the performance of the algorithm and then analyze the results.
Author(s): Sajan Poudel, Nishar Miya, Yangyang TaoDepartment(s): Computing and Analytics
Gesture Recognition and Speech Recognition in Online Courses
Abstract: Our research explores the integration of Gesture Recognition and Speech Recognition technologies to enhance the online learning experience. Gesture Recognition empowers learners to interact with virtual interfaces using natural body movements, while Speech Recognition enables verbal communication with the online platform. Together, these technologies create a dynamic duo that fosters immersive, inclusive, and engaging learning environments, transcending geographical boundaries and promoting active participation
Author(s): Priyanka Pandit, Yangyang TaoDepartment(s): Computing and Analytics
Face Recognition with Unlabeled Data
Abstract: Dataset in face recognition usually contains limited degree and types of variation, so trained models generalize poorly to more realistic unconstrained face datasets. Labeled face data with larger variations could be helpful, but it is practically infeasible due to privacy and labor cost. In comparison, it is easier to acquire a large number of unlabeled faces from different domains, which could be used to regularize the learning of face representations. In this project, we investigate a method that uses unlabeled data to improve the accuracy of face recognition.
Author(s): Marisol ReyesDepartment(s): Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biological Sciences
Synthesis of Heteroaryl Compounds as Potential Breast Cancer Treatment
Abstract: The goal of our research was to create α-heteroaryl compounds via palladium-catalyzed direct heteroarylation of ketone under microwave irradiation. We used 1 mmol of the methyl ketone 4-acetylbiphenyl (I60) and 1.1 mmol of the aryl halides: 6-bromoquinoline (H40), 4-iodoanisole (G67), and 3-bromoquinoline (H37) to form the heteroarylated methyl ketones (I60-H40, I60-G67, I60-H37). An extraction using water and ethyl acetate was performed to isolate our desired product from any byproducts that may have formed, followed by rotovap. Medium Pressure Liquid Chromatography (MPLC) purified our crude product. Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectrometer (NMR), we determined if our desired product was synthesized by analyzing the structure. Upon confirmation of our products (I60-H40, I60-G67, I60-H37), we prepared it for mass spectrometry, the next step in our research.
Author(s): Jessica Johnson, William Crowley, Sarah Griffith, Subhomita Ghosh Roy, and Joseph MesterDepartment(s): Biological Sciences
Identification of Bacteria Capable of Bioremediation in Local Wastewater Treatment Facilities
Abstract: The project goal was to screen bacterial communities from local wastewater for their ability to: (a.) detoxify heavy metal contaminants, and (b.) inactivate antibiotics. Samples were collected at various points of the wastewater treatment process including at the inputs, aeration tanks, and effluents before disinfection, in collaboration with Sanitation District 1 (SD1). The samples were cultured at NKU in Mueller-Hinton media with a range of concentrations of heavy metals (lead, zinc, and arsenic) and/or antibiotics (chloramphenicol and ampicillin). Bacteria that resisted high concentrations of these chemicals were isolated, their colony and cell morphology was characterized, and the organisms identified by 16S DNA sequencing. In future projects, these organisms will be tested for their ability to actively remove these chemicals from water sources.
Author(s): Kalyn Koons, Kendra Baker, Kennedy James, Jade Combs, Marisol Reyes, Mitchell Ward, Thu Nguyen, and Lili MaDepartment(s): Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biological Sciences
Synthesis and Computer Modeling of Heteroaryl Methyl Ketones
Abstract: In an attempt to synthesize potentially bioactive molecules to serve as drug candidates in the future, specifically against breast cancer, a series of methyl ketones were synthesized in a palladium catalyzed heteroarylation reaction under microwave irradiation. Products were purified using Medium Pressure Liquid Chromatography (MPLC) and confirmed with Nuclear Magnetic Radiation (NMR) and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS). Furthermore, computer modeling was used to study the binding affinity of the proposed molecules with aromatase, a pharmaceutical target for breast cancer.
Author(s): Brandon Brooks-PattonDepartment(s): Computing and Analytics, Biological Sciences
BlockLend: Blockchain Lending Powering a Transparent and Secure Future
Abstract: Blockchain technology tends to be associated with speculative cryptocurrency markets. While it is revolutionizing the way the world economy thinks about currency, it is commonly overlooked in areas where it shines: ironclad security, immutable storage of records, and transparency of data. Our inventory management and dispersal system harnesses the power of blockchain to enable a secure, easily audited, and cost-effective solution for borrowing equipment on college campuses. Powered by the Internet of Things and a BlockPlace model, frictionless transactions will require no manual oversight and provide savings in both labor costs and increased productivity. Through our extensive analysis and deployment of BlockLend smart contracts on various Ethereum-based blockchains, we provide data that gives insight into the actual throughput and transactional information for each system. Our work examines the challenges and limitations of the emerging technological paradigm and offers solutions that can be implemented for the realistic deployment of blockchain-based applications.
Author(s): Alaina Spencer, Dr. Dirk GrupeDepartment(s): Physics, Geology, and Engineering Technology
Observations of the Changing-Look AGN RXJ0128.1-1848
Abstract: While in the standard Unified Model of Active Galactic Nuclei we distinguish between Seyfert 1 and 2 galaxies, some AGN change their type. These are called Changing Look AGN and many of them have been known for more than a decade. Recently another of this rare type was discovered by Swift in an unusual low X-ray flux state in November 2022, the galaxy RX J0128.1-1828. This discovery triggered XMM and NuSTAR observations at the beginning of January 2023. Here, we will summarize the preliminary results from our decade-long Swift monitoring of RX J0128.1-1848 and well as from the recent XMM and NuSTAR observations.
Author(s): Raja Reed, Lauren Wessel and Emily Shifley Department(s): Biological Sciences
The FGF genetic signaling pathway is required for embryonic development of the pharynx
Abstract: The pharynx is a region in the vertebrate embryo that forms the thymus, parathyroid glands and craniofacial cartilage. The FGF pathway is a set of proteins that cells in the pharynx use to contact each other. We hypothesize that the FGF pathway is important during specific times in pharyngeal development. To test this, we inhibited the FGF pathway during different developmental periods. Overall, we found longer periods of FGF-inhibition showed missing or reduced gene expression in the pharynx. Determining the genetic signals that are important for the development of the pharynx will help researchers understand why certain birth defects occur.
Author(s): Matthew Maines, Olivia Neal, Kebede GemeneDepartment(s): Chemistry and Biochemistry
Measuring of Anion Gap in a Blood Electrolyte Solution
Abstract: The anion gap (AG) is used for the diagnosis of diseases resulted from acid-base disorders, referred to as metabolic acidosis/alkalosis. It is defined as the difference in concentration between total measured cations and total measured anions expressed in millimolar (mM). AG is calculated by using results of tests that measure major cations and anions in serum separately.
AG = ([Na+] + [K+]) + ([Cl-] + [HCO3-]).
While this most likely results in the most accurate measurements with electrodes that are selective to the ions, K+, Na+ and Cl-, this creates a scenario in which four different measurements are needed for the calculation. In addition, there is no selective ionophore for HCO3-, and it is indirectly measured as total dissolved CO2 in plasma (pCO2), which is prone to measurement errors. We present here a method where total cations and total anions are measured simultaneously in a single measurement using pulsed chronopotentiometry.
Author(s): Elisha J. Redman and Joshua T. CooperDepartment(s): Biological Sciences
Can streams recover from antibiotic pollution? Using a ciprofloxacin press disturbance to test bacterial community resilience and recovery in local stream microbial communities.
Abstract: Bacterial ecosystems have been shown to be complex and adaptive. Although the concept has only recently gained attention, little is known about the theoretical underpinnings of antibiotic resilience in microbial communities. Antibiotics are commonly deposited into aquatic ecosystems such as wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). The resistance and resilience of native bacterial communities (such as WWTPs) can indicate how the freshwater microbiome is impacted by human-induced press disturbances.
Author(s): Anh Tran, My Doan, Na Le, Nicholas Caporusso, Gabriel Sanders Department(s): Computing and Analytics
Motivations Driving Video Presentations for Scholarly Articles: a Survey on Perceived Effort, Impact, and Value
Abstract: The study aims to understand the role and impact of video presentations for scholarly research in bridging the gap between academia and the general public, particularly in terms of accessibility and comprehension of scholarly research. A 10-question survey was conducted among researchers to evaluate the effectiveness of video podcasts in presenting research and understanding motivations and challenges. The data was analyzed using descriptive and cross-tabulation methods, using the UTAUT model. The result reflects that given certain motivations, challenges, and benefits, video research podcasts provide advanced tools for disseminating research results to researchers and the public. Therefore, with the benefits they possess, video research podcasts are a potential way to break the gap between academia and the public in disseminating scholarly research. However, understanding motivational factors and potential barriers is crucial for their broader adoption and impact.
